German newspapers printed between 1700 -1900
Movements:
Gothic Art Movement This art movement is most commonly
associated with religious art pieces and scriptures, elements that helped
inspire the print on these newspapers is the fonts that were used as they are a
lot fancier than most other styles. (Fonts)
Insular Art Movement (Framing of the text and images on the
front page decorating the page) illuminated scripts were a type of books that
were highly decorated with precious metals like gold and lapis lazuli this was
used especially for religious books, another property from this type of art was
the first letter of each page as it was drawn much larger than the rest and
decorated to indicate the start of the text in the page.
Printing Technique: Movable type (this method used metal
matrices with letter on them they were moved around to create the text needed)
used with a printing press (machinery used to apply pressure on paper with
inked moving type this enabled printers to increase the amount of material they
could print) Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press and developed the
moving type cast based on a matrix and hand mold.
Material: paper material heavy in cotton while the newspaper
from 1767 has a heavier hemp concentration in the mixture of the pulp
Grid System: it is the way an editor is able to create
pagination in a print document like newspapers, using mostly 2 column grid
sometimes 3 and even only 1 column to present text articles stacked one after
the other starting from the left
·
Title is framed with fancy designs to bring more
attention to it.
·
Page is divided into a grid of 2 columns with
the content starting from the left side.
·
Front page decorate with illustrations like a
crest or a scene from everyday life for special events like Christmas
celebrations (inspired by illuminated scripts).
·
Text fonts inspired by the Gothic art movement
Credit: Daniel
Cassar, Group B
1884 Holy Bible
This is the Family Holy Bible published in 1884 around that
time when Arts and Crafts Movement was around.
There are a lot of valid points that proves that this Bible was inspired
by this movement. Arts and Crafts Movement is all about creating art by hand and
less production. The leading member of Arts and Crafts Movement William Morris
encouraged all artists to go back in the art history and get some ideas from
there and make everything original and by hand. This movement had traditional
movements like, Victorian, Gothic styles.
This bible has very thick and black leather cover which is
protected with metal clasps to show the important of the Bible. The actual book
cover has golden floral ornaments at the spine of the book and a big 3D looking
cross with golden ornaments. William Morris was inspired from nature and would
always try and show that the nature is the one of the best God’s creations and
that it would help to forget all Industrial Revolutions caused problems. I guess William Morris got inspired by the
Victorian book cover styles. Victorian style books had delicate decay,
eye-catching ornament with some gold elements.
Inside the Bible there are a lot of different fonts and
different type of layouts. One of the most noticeable fonts was based on gothic
revival and it has its characteristics like, tall, narrow letters, formed in
sharp, straight, angular lines.
The Bible has three types of images, black and white
picture, picture with colour, and hand painted images. Hand painted images have
very bright colours and the most popular and common colour is gold. All hand
painted pictures has small gold ornament which reminds illuminated scripts.
Illuminated scripts usually have gold written on it which gives that
illuminated script illusion. They also use to have embellished initial capital
letters like you can see in the image.
| The Bible has couple types of layouts. It usually has couple pages of pictures and then the text. In one of the pages image could be in the middle of the page and text would go around it. The rest of the text is very small font and “squished” together. | |||||
Because it’s a family Bible there were some separate pages
left out for the personal information like births/deaths/weddings in the
family. In general Bible was very important book, because at that time they use
to look at the religion in the more serious way and Bible was very well
respected.
This Bible has a lot of different styles which requires
different type of printing method. For the simple text they used moveable type
printing press. Individual letter were collected into the word or text and
tight together to make one big image form. Then this type of form was placed on
the printing press and thin coating of viscous ink would be applied and it
would make a mark.
Because Bible had images without any colour it required
another type of printing which used etchings and was called photographic
etching and later renamed to rotogravure. Etched copper plate with acid was
used for this printing. In the place where resist would stay the copper would
remain raised, but where there was no resist the copper would be eaten away and
that’s how physical peaks were made in order for ink to reside.
For the colourful images lithography was used. I order to be
able to print colour, multiple stones for each colour went through print press
as many times as there were stones. The most difficult part printers had was to
keep image in the same place that the colour would be in the same place. If
artists wanted more accurate image they had to hand colour it on top of it.
Credit: Joana Nummelin, Group B
Books
- · During the period of Arts and Crafts Movement, drawings were done by hand.
- · Medieval Art was the model for much Arts and Crafts design and medieval life.
- · The patterns used were inspired by the flora and fauna of the British countryside.
- · Simple decorations used for patterns and illustrations.
- · Preserving and emphasising the natural qualities of the materials used was one of the most important principles of Arts and Crafts style.
- · Gothic Revival was a great impact on the Arts and Crafts style.
- · Use of bold forms and strong colours were particularly inspirational.
- · Material, structure, and function became crucial principles of the Arts and Crafts movements.
- · The arts of the book including calligraphy, typography and book binding are highly valued.
- · The press movement was Kelmscott Press.
- · A desire to break down the hierarchy of the arts (elevated fine art like painting and sculpture, but looked down on applied art) to revive and restore dignity to traditional handicrafts and to make art that could be affordable for all.
Credit: Naomi Zammit
Ciantar, Group B
Signs
In my observations while visiting Malta’s capital city we
are introduced to multiple different types of Art movements.
The first thing that we saw in Valletta where multiple store
front signs. They a lot of the signs had a postmodern / simple feel to them
meaning when you study the signs you can see that there is mainly the use of
typography. The common fonts that are used are sans serif fonts and sometimes
you will see typography that had serifs in there font as well.
For example this sign has a san serif font. There are also
images on the sign repreesting a playing card character that is influneced from the illumitated menu
scrpits.
This signs is a serif type font and it is mostly influenced
with art nouveau because it has some patterns and details in the middle of the
sign to resemble the hierarchy for the sign that is in the middle
There where also signs that where created with the use of
neon lights. Most of the neon lights are influnced with the work of the
Bauhaus, Constucivists and psychedlic movements .
These signs are using a modernistic typography it has a
simplistic style.
This sign is using a modernitic typography aswell but this
one is more influnced with the bauhuas movement where you have the text in
front of the neon and it has different colour to it.
Credit: Darren
Camilleri, Group B
